Crucial for maintaining reservoir capacity and protecting turbines from abrasion.
Integration of turbines (e.g., Kaplan, Pelton, Francis) and generators. For small-scale plants, specialized hydraulic machines for low heads and small discharges are often used. 3. Operation (Betrieb) Wasserkraftanlagen: Planung, Bau und Betrieb
Designing the intake structures, penstocks (Triebwassersysteme), and surge tanks to manage water flow and pressure changes. Francis) and generators. For small-scale plants
Planning must address sediment management and ecological connectivity, such as fish ladders or bypasses. 2. Construction (Bau) and cleaning machines.
Installation of gates, trash racks, and cleaning machines.