Ultras 🔔

While often associated with hooliganism or violence in the media, many groups act as surrogate families, offering a sense of belonging in atomized societies [16, 23].

Unlike road marathons, ultras often involve rugged terrain, extreme elevation changes, and sleep deprivation [3]. Success depends more on "durability" and mental fortitude than raw speed [34, 36]. Ultras

"Every time I sign up for an ultra, I look forward to the struggle... That is what drives us." [13] While often associated with hooliganism or violence in

Many participants seek out the most "unpredictable" races—those with extreme weather or minimal control—as a way to mirror the challenges of real life and discover their true capabilities [2]. Perspectives from the Community On Football Ultras "Every time I sign up for an ultra,

In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27].