Upon its release, Phantom India sparked significant controversy. The Indian government initially banned the film and requested the BBC (the original broadcaster) leave the country, citing that the documentary focused too heavily on poverty and backwardness. However, modern critics, such as those at the Criterion Collection, praise it as one of the most honest and visually arresting portraits of India ever committed to film.

: Throughout the film, Malle acknowledges his status as an "outsider." He frequently admits his inability to fully comprehend the religious and social structures he films, making the essay a meditation on the limits of cross-cultural understanding.

Ultimately, "Things Seen in Madras" remains a hauntingly beautiful document of a city in flux, challenging viewers to look past stereotypes and engage with the complex, often contradictory, "phantom" of the Indian experience.

: The episode is famous for its long, unedited takes that allow the viewer to experience "real time." This style was part of the Cinéma Vérité movement, aiming to capture "pure" reality without the artifice of staging. Historical Impact

: Malle highlights the tension between ancient South Indian customs and the encroaching influence of Western industrialization. The segments featuring the Theosophical Society and local temples contrast sharply with the burgeoning political fervor of the DMK party.