For decades, marine biologists and oceanographers relied on manual classification—hours spent under microscopes counting phytoplankton or reviewing grainy underwater footage. However, recent research published in (often indexed under the identifier lol2 ) reveals a seismic shift: the integration of Deep Learning (DL) into plankton ecology and deep-sea monitoring [10, 13]. 1. Deep Learning in Plankton Ecology

The ocean is rarely quiet, yet the "Abyssal Plain" has remained largely unmonitored. Recent studies utilize hydrophones and autonomous recorders to capture year-long audio data [17]. DL models are now used to sift through these massive audio files to: Identify diurnal and seasonal sound patterns.

Distinguish between biological clicks, seismic activity, and man-made noise [17]. 3. The Future of eDNA and AI

: DL offers objective schemes to identify organisms in diverse environments, reducing human bias [10].