Elisa Ann <FHD>

: Because of its portability and low cost, it is ideal for monitoring human performance biomarkers or diagnosing diseases in resource-limited settings. Scientific Context

In a traditional ELISA, a solid surface like a polystyrene plate is used to immobilize antigens or antibodies. In P-ELISA, or cellulose surfaces replace these plates, offering several advantages: elisa ann

: It uses tiny reagent volumes—often as low as 3 µL —and eliminates the need for expensive laboratory readers, as results can often be scanned with a smartphone. : Because of its portability and low cost,