Arq May 2026

The receiver sends an ACK to confirm the successful receipt of a packet.

Requires complex buffering and ordering at the receiver. 4. Performance Considerations The receiver sends an ACK to confirm the

If the sender does not receive an ACK within a designated time (timeout) or receives a NAK, it retransmits the packet. 3. Types of ARQ Protocols 3.1. Stop-and-Wait ARQ Performance Considerations If the sender does not receive

SR provides the best throughput in high-error rate scenarios. Stop-and-Wait ARQ SR provides the best throughput in

Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)

) before needing an ACK. If a frame is lost, the receiver discards all subsequent frames, and the sender must retransmit all frames starting from the lost one. Better utilization than Stop-and-Wait. Cons: High retransmission overhead in poor channels. 3.3. Selective Repeat ARQ (SR)