Abortus -

The bacterium's ability to persist inside host macrophages makes it difficult to treat, often requiring long-term combination antibiotic therapy.

Humans typically acquire B. abortus through direct contact with infected animals or the consumption of . abortus

The bacteria are often spread through contact with aborted fetuses, placentas, or vaginal discharges. In the United States, wildlife reservoirs like bison and elk in the Yellowstone area maintain the pathogen, occasionally transmitting it back to livestock. Zoonotic Transmission and Human Health The bacterium's ability to persist inside host macrophages

Infected animals frequently experience decreased fertility and retained placentas. abortus